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Led the application of technology continues to improve and the cost of gradual decline, the LED lights on the automotive electronics technology demonstrator After years of concept car shows the initial ideas stage, more close to a wide range of used in the production car system prospects. Audi R8 electronic system is in full use of LED lights to the Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Cadillac, Toyota and other companies have also introduced LED lights to replace traditional incandescent, HID lights of car models, a variety of colorful LED lamps for the new car considerably, attracting the attention of consumers, but also for the future of automotive design, a new bright spot, I believe that soon there will be more car manufacturers will be LED lights as automotive lighting, indication, backlighting and decorative choice.
LED is suitable for various lighting applications in automotive electronics, including headlight (high beam and low beam lamps), fog lights, taillights, brake lights, turn signals, daytime running lights, pedal lights, interior lights, showing the wide lights, navigation, entertainment systems, instrument backlighting and light and so on. LED lights used in automotive systems mainly have the following advantages: first, the color saturation, the output light is clear and soft, in line with the characteristics of automotive headlight applications; second, long life, durable, strong seismic can be more than 10,000 hours, while traditional halogen lamp life of 300 hours; Third, high efficiency, less additional loss can be seen, complex cooling system compared to traditional lights, LED lamp heat loss is much smaller. conversion efficiency can reach more than 85 percent, is particularly suitable for auto focus on energy-saving design concepts; Fourth, fast response, different from the traditional incandescent lamps, HID lamps require a longer drive light delay, but also real-time to reflect the vehicle speed and road conditions, leaving judge to give the driver a longer time, reducing vehicle safety accident; Fifth, small size, light weight, sleek lamps to save more space for other models design; sixth, the LED lights are but good light color, infrared, ultraviolet and other light, heat, radiation rarely suitable for automotive interior lighting, backlighting applications demand.
LED lights use in cars, mainly concentrated in the headlights, taillights, lights, car GPS backlighting use, especially the tail lights, about 10 percent of the entire market.
Five technical challenges
Domestic vehicle the size of LEDs currently represent only a small share of about 10% of the automotive lighting market, mainly more concentrated in the high-end car applications. Although LED lights cost continued to decline, but to achieve comparable with the traditional light source, also need to gradually increase the quality and yield, in order to reduce the LED costs, and expand the LED automotive electronics market share.
High cost is not to delay the LED lights in automotive applications only some of the technical performance aspects of the problem is to solve, for example, a single LED light intensity is still insufficient, this will not be able to arbitrarily reduce the number of LED\\ s to narrow lamps volume; smaller size is not conducive to the light source heat, which requires the thermal management of LED manufacturers make products in order to exploit the advantages of the LED more fully, both for the life of the LED or CRI can provide a better state. otherwise can only be counterproductive, reducing the quality of products; the conversion efficiency of the LED drive system is currently key points in higher power applications, many programs take into account the cost of conversion efficiency is not high; China LED lamp applications belong to high-end cars in automotive electronics, and high-end cars are most of the foreign car manufacturers control the selection and certification of the foreign manufacturers of LED suppliers are very harsh domestic LED difficult for enterprises to enter the supply chain; again in China LED lights most of the production levels remain within the requirements of civilian products, it is difficult to reach the standard of automotive-grade application, even to reach the number of manufacturers of automotive-grade application potential production capacity and ensure product consistency is not necessarily enough, it is difficult to meet The production car the needs of large quantities of high quality.
LED lights in order to speed up the share in the entire automotive light, you must first increase the intensity to resolve these issues, as described above, thermal management, production costs and product consistency issues.
Automotive requirements of discrete LED driver power supply
Constant voltage source driver can not guarantee the consistency of the LED brightness and affect the reliability of the LED life and lumen maintenance. Therefore, the LED must use a constant current source drive. Most LED current value, you can use the configuration for the constant current source of the linear regulator to drive the linear regulator has the advantages of reducing component count and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), but in the efficiency and thermal consumption has serious drawbacks, not suitable for high power applications, switch mode power supplies (SMPS) is more suitable in various applications.
SMPS mode LED driver power supply as the market mainstream, but also into the separation device combinations and IC integrated approach to IC integration patterns such as Taiwan Macroblock (MacroBlock), Zetex (Diodes Incorporated), TI and NSC, the main feature is the built-in MOSFET drive circuit, and some integrated multi-channel driver, auto-dimming and various protection functions, the application circuit is simple, small, easy to control costs, but due to this current application-driven design is not flexible enough, the control precision is not high, boost mode, and other reasons can not be achieved, very limited in most automotive applications, the separation mode PWM control chip and the external MOSFETs for automotive electronics, high power, high efficiency and high stability can be achieved of applications, it can be a different topology, combined with LED voltage, current and power demand, in line with the overall system goals. With the amount of the cost will decrease gradually.
Europe pre-installed market mainstream
MCU + The MCP1630 program applications in Europe application is quite extensive representing Europe pre-installed in more than 70 percent of the market, market, mainly used in the headlights (high beam), tail lights, flashing lights and other applications, the chip is its high reliability, high efficient, flexible functionality, cost-effective LED driver applications in automotive electronics in establishing a good reputation, some foreign vendor LED driver preferred the same time, increasing with the amount of The MCP1630 cost advantages are more and more Obviously, the application can be in the low-end models, better thermal management, efficiency, and consistency in the LED driver.
The MCP1630 is a high-speed pulse width modulator can be used to develop intelligent power. MCP1630 to 1MHz frequency peak current mode CMOS output driver can directly control the MOSFET driver or low-side N-channel MOSFET to provide an external reference power supply, flexible adjustment of output voltage and current settings; internal high-speed comparator, high-speed bandwidth / The error amplifier can be achieved faster and more accurate current sense, integrated over-temperature protection, undervoltage lockout function to achieve better thermal management. Conjunction with a microcontroller, it can be by controlling the duty cycle of the power system to provide a stable output voltage or current. The MCU is used to adjust the output voltage or current, switching frequency, maximum duty cycle and can improve the power system more intelligent and regulatory characteristics.
LED driver system, if the supply voltage exceeds the total LED voltage, you need to buck converter. If the voltage of the LED group than the supply voltage, you need the boost converter. In automotive power systems, LED voltage may be higher or lower than the supply voltage, so you should use a buck / boost or single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) power supply topologies. MCP1630 to achieve the above topology design needs. At the same time adhering to the Microchip products in a consistent style (high stability and consistency), LED production cost and quality have been improved. The following example, Microchip\\ s high-speed PWM chip MCP1630 SEPIC topology to illustrate the applicability of the program in automotive applications.
Microchip\\ s PIC12F1823 + MCP1630 SEPIC topology for automobile tail light / flash applications the DEMO to +9 V to +16 V input voltage, maximum output voltage up to 55V @ 350mA drive 10 1.5WLED lights, at the same time to achieve grade dimming, undervoltage, overtemperature protection function, the conversion efficiency of 85%.
MCP1630 This application can make the LED load current under the influence of various factors are controlled at the level of pre-designed circuit will be a reference voltage or current signal Vref and the LED load voltage or current signal FB into the signal control module , the error signal is sent back after treatment in the primary control IC processing, when the load current changes due to various factors, the primary controller IC can control switch so that the load current back to the initial design value. Feedback and over-temperature detection, good thermal management.
In the topology, the efficiency of the SEPIC converter, although not as buck regulator or boost regulator, but it also has its advantages, the SEPIC, and has the ability to boost and buck, particularly for automotive cold start voltage as low as 4.5V or so, on the other hand, the sudden rise dump application voltage in the car overload situation will suddenly rise to 40V above, another very popular automotive applications, the advantages of attention in the middle of its circuit capacitor, it can be very effective isolation between input and output. Of course, the SEPIC converter, there is an obvious drawback is that the two inductors are required in order to operate. This application will be two inductors wound in concentric circles into opposing two separate components, which saves cost and savings volume. MCP1630 in the peak-current mode due to the presence of high-speed comparator in 12ns fast response and rapid high-precision current loop. At the same time PIC12F1823 can be detected through the AD voltage detection to achieve high efficiency control.
Applications, The MCP1630 can be used as a SEPIC topology can also be used in a separate boost / buck circuit is mainly used in automobile headlights with daytime running lights can be LED
In addition to the the MCP1630 applications, Microchip has also introduced low-cost MCU integrated LED driver applications such as PIC12HV615, the PIC16HV785, its internal integration of the high pressure regulator, high-speed hardware PWM module, comparators, ADCs, op amps, voltage reference, step-up or step-down control can be achieved for low-power applications in the vehicle equipment backlight, instrument backlighting, brake lights, and turn into a traditional CCFL backlight LED backlight. The rich resources of the MCU can be more intelligent, highly integrated applications to reduce costs, simplify design, save space and also help to overcome thermal management, and improve efficiency. However, the application is not suitable for higher power applications.